094-01-0065
» Citation URL: http://vegbank.org/cite/urn:lsid:cvs.bio.unc.edu:observation:22984-{34FDD6AA-FAAE-400E-8D9C-B750B5941A39} » Citing info
Plot ID Fields:
Author Plot Code	094-01-0065
Author Observation Code	094-01-0065
Location Fields:	MAP: Google | Yahoo | TopoZone | MapQuest
Confidentiality Status	100 km radius (nearest degree)
Latitude	37 º
Longitude	-80 º
Layout Fields:
Shape	Rectangular
Area	1000 m²
Permanence	permanent plot
Layout Narrative	20 X by 50 Y
Environment Fields:
Elevation	0 m
Slope Aspect	180 º
Slope Gradient	20.5 º
Topographic Position	High slope
Landform	slope
Soil Drainage	Well drained
Percent Bedrock	0 %
Percent Rock / Gravel	3 %
Percent Wood	2 %
Percent Litter	93 %
Percent Bare Soil	2 %
Percent Water	0 %
Percent Other	0 %
Methods Fields:
Observation Start Date	30-Jun-2003
Project	Carolina Vegetation Survey (94): NPS-Blue Ridge Parkway
Cover Method	Carolina Vegetation Survey
Stratum Method	National Park Service
Taxon Observation Area	1000 m²
Overall Taxon Cover Values are Automatically Calculated?	no
Plot Quality Fields:
Plot Validation Level	(2) classification plot: sufficient for inclusion in a classification revision
Overall Plot Vegetation Fields:
--no data--
Misc Fields:
Observation Narrative	dry-mesic; side slope; Alliaria petiolata on slope above plot and Glechoma hederacea also.;

Taxa occurring on this plot-observation
Change plant label: --Choose a value-- Author's plant name Original Interpretation, full Scientific Name Original Interpretation, Scientific Name without authors Original Interpretation, USDA Code Original Interpretation, Common Name Current Interpretation, full Scientific Name Current Interpretation, Scientific Name without authors Current Interpretation, USDA Code Current Interpretation, Common Name
Change Strata Shown: --choose one-- show strata show overall cover show strata + overall
ord Author Plant Name Original Interpretation, full Scientific Name Original Interpretation, Scientific Name without authors Original Interpretation, Common Name Original Interpretation, USDA Code Current Interpretation, full Scientific Name Current Interpretation, Scientific Name without authors Current Interpretation, Common Name Current Interpretation, USDA Code Stratum Cover Original Cover Code Basal Area Biomass Inference Area Stems: Stem Diameters (graphically): 1 Quercus rubra Quercus rubra **   Quercus rubra **   Quercus rubra **   Quercus rubra **   Quercus rubra **   Quercus rubra **   Quercus rubra **   Quercus rubra **   Canopy 62.5 % 8       -none- 2 Carya ovalis Carya ovalis **   Carya ovalis **   Carya ovalis **   Carya ovalis **   Carya ovalis **   Carya ovalis **   Carya ovalis **   Carya ovalis **   Canopy 17.5 % 6       -none- 3 Quercus ×saulii Quercus ×saulii C.K. Schneid. Quercus ×saulii Quercus ×saulii **   QUSA Quercus ×saulii C.K. Schneid. Quercus ×saulii Quercus ×saulii **   QUSA Canopy 17.5 % 6       -none- 4 Quercus prinus Quercus prinus **   Quercus prinus **   Quercus prinus **   Quercus prinus **   Quercus prinus **   Quercus prinus **   Quercus prinus **   Quercus prinus **   Canopy 17.5 % 6       -none- 5 Quercus alba Quercus alba **   Quercus alba **   Quercus alba **   Quercus alba **   Quercus alba **   Quercus alba **   Quercus alba **   Quercus alba **   Canopy 7.5 % 5       -none- 6 Betula lenta Betula lenta **   Betula lenta **   Betula lenta **   Betula lenta **   Betula lenta **   Betula lenta **   Betula lenta **   Betula lenta **   Canopy 1.5 % 3       -none- 7 Acer rubrum Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Sub-Canopy 3.5 % 4       -none- 8 Liriodendron tulipifera Liriodendron tulipifera **   Liriodendron tulipifera **   Liriodendron tulipifera **   Liriodendron tulipifera **   Liriodendron tulipifera **   Liriodendron tulipifera **   Liriodendron tulipifera **   Liriodendron tulipifera **   Sub-Canopy 1.5 % 3       -none- 9 Acer rubrum Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Tall Shrub 37.5 % 7       -none- 10 Sassafras albidum Sassafras albidum **   Sassafras albidum **   Sassafras albidum **   Sassafras albidum **   Sassafras albidum **   Sassafras albidum **   Sassafras albidum **   Sassafras albidum **   Tall Shrub 7.5 % 5       -none- 11 Ilex montana Ilex montana **   Ilex montana **   Ilex montana **   Ilex montana **   Ilex montana **   Ilex montana **   Ilex montana **   Ilex montana **   Tall Shrub 3.5 % 4       -none- 12 Carya ovalis Carya ovalis **   Carya ovalis **   Carya ovalis **   Carya ovalis **   Carya ovalis **   Carya ovalis **   Carya ovalis **   Carya ovalis **   Tall Shrub 1.5 % 3       -none- 13 Cornus alternifolia Cornus alternifolia **   Cornus alternifolia **   Cornus alternifolia **   Cornus alternifolia **   Cornus alternifolia **   Cornus alternifolia **   Cornus alternifolia **   Cornus alternifolia **   Tall Shrub 1.5 % 3       -none- 14 Smilax rotundifolia Smilax rotundifolia **   Smilax rotundifolia **   Smilax rotundifolia **   Smilax rotundifolia **   Smilax rotundifolia **   Smilax rotundifolia **   Smilax rotundifolia **   Smilax rotundifolia **   Tall Shrub 1.5 % 3       -none- 15 Betula lenta Betula lenta **   Betula lenta **   Betula lenta **   Betula lenta **   Betula lenta **   Betula lenta **   Betula lenta **   Betula lenta **   Tall Shrub 0.505 % 2       -none- 16 Toxicodendron radicans Toxicodendron radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans **   Tall Shrub 0.505 % 2       -none- 17 Dennstaedtia punctilobula Dennstaedtia punctilobula **   Dennstaedtia punctilobula **   Dennstaedtia punctilobula **   Dennstaedtia punctilobula **   Dennstaedtia punctilobula **   Dennstaedtia punctilobula **   Dennstaedtia punctilobula **   Dennstaedtia punctilobula **   Herbaceous 37.5 % 7       -none- 18 Carex appalachica Carex appalachica **   Carex appalachica **   Carex appalachica **   Carex appalachica **   Carex appalachica **   Carex appalachica **   Carex appalachica **   Carex appalachica **   Herbaceous 3.5 % 4       -none- 19 Danthonia spicata Danthonia spicata **   Danthonia spicata **   Danthonia spicata **   Danthonia spicata **   Danthonia spicata **   Danthonia spicata **   Danthonia spicata **   Danthonia spicata **   Herbaceous 1.5 % 3       -none- 20 Viola palmata Viola palmata **   Viola palmata **   Viola palmata **   Viola palmata **   Viola palmata **   Viola palmata **   Viola palmata **   Viola palmata **   Herbaceous 1.5 % 3       -none- 21 Paronychia montana Paronychia montana **   Paronychia montana **   Paronychia montana **   Paronychia montana **   Paronychia montana **   Paronychia montana **   Paronychia montana **   Paronychia montana **   Herbaceous 1.5 % 3       -none- 22 Carex swanii Carex swanii **   Carex swanii **   Carex swanii **   Carex swanii **   Carex swanii **   Carex swanii **   Carex swanii **   Carex swanii **   Herbaceous 1.5 % 3       -none- 23 Dichanthelium latifolium Dichanthelium latifolium **   Dichanthelium latifolium **   Dichanthelium latifolium **   Dichanthelium latifolium **   Dichanthelium latifolium **   Dichanthelium latifolium **   Dichanthelium latifolium **   Dichanthelium latifolium **   Herbaceous 1.5 % 3       -none- 24 Bromus pubescens Bromus pubescens **   Bromus pubescens **   Bromus pubescens **   Bromus pubescens **   Bromus pubescens **   Bromus pubescens **   Bromus pubescens **   Bromus pubescens **   Herbaceous 1.5 % 3       -none- 25 Eurybia divaricata Eurybia divaricata **   Eurybia divaricata **   Eurybia divaricata **   Eurybia divaricata **   Eurybia divaricata **   Eurybia divaricata **   Eurybia divaricata **   Eurybia divaricata **   Herbaceous 1.5 % 3       -none- 26 Houstonia purpurea var. purpurea Houstonia purpurea var. purpurea **   Houstonia purpurea var. purpurea **   Houstonia purpurea var. purpurea **   Houstonia purpurea var. purpurea **   Houstonia purpurea var. purpurea **   Houstonia purpurea var. purpurea **   Houstonia purpurea var. purpurea **   Houstonia purpurea var. purpurea **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 27 Solidago canadensis Solidago canadensis **   Solidago canadensis **   Solidago canadensis **   Solidago canadensis **   Solidago canadensis **   Solidago canadensis **   Solidago canadensis **   Solidago canadensis **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 28 Smilax rotundifolia Smilax rotundifolia **   Smilax rotundifolia **   Smilax rotundifolia **   Smilax rotundifolia **   Smilax rotundifolia **   Smilax rotundifolia **   Smilax rotundifolia **   Smilax rotundifolia **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 29 Solidago nemoralis Solidago nemoralis **   Solidago nemoralis **   Solidago nemoralis **   Solidago nemoralis **   Solidago nemoralis **   Solidago nemoralis **   Solidago nemoralis **   Solidago nemoralis **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 30 Carex virescens Carex virescens **   Carex virescens **   Carex virescens **   Carex virescens **   Carex virescens **   Carex virescens **   Carex virescens **   Carex virescens **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 31 Rubus flagellaris Rubus flagellaris **   Rubus flagellaris **   Rubus flagellaris **   Rubus flagellaris **   Rubus flagellaris **   Rubus flagellaris **   Rubus flagellaris **   Rubus flagellaris **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 32 Toxicodendron radicans Toxicodendron radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 33 Lactuca biennis Lactuca biennis **   Lactuca biennis **   Lactuca biennis **   Lactuca biennis **   Lactuca biennis **   Lactuca biennis **   Lactuca biennis **   Lactuca biennis **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 34 Arabis laevigata Arabis laevigata **   Arabis laevigata **   Arabis laevigata **   Arabis laevigata **   Arabis laevigata **   Arabis laevigata **   Arabis laevigata **   Arabis laevigata **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 35 Prunella vulgaris Prunella vulgaris **   Prunella vulgaris **   Prunella vulgaris **   Prunella vulgaris **   Prunella vulgaris **   Prunella vulgaris **   Prunella vulgaris **   Prunella vulgaris **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 36 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Parthenocissus quinquefolia **   Parthenocissus quinquefolia **   Parthenocissus quinquefolia **   Parthenocissus quinquefolia **   Parthenocissus quinquefolia **   Parthenocissus quinquefolia **   Parthenocissus quinquefolia **   Parthenocissus quinquefolia **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 37 Ageratina altissima Ageratina altissima **   Ageratina altissima **   Ageratina altissima **   Ageratina altissima **   Ageratina altissima **   Ageratina altissima **   Ageratina altissima **   Ageratina altissima **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 38 Dichanthelium acuminatum var. fasciculatum Dichanthelium acuminatum var. fasciculatum **   Dichanthelium acuminatum var. fasciculatum **   Dichanthelium acuminatum var. fasciculatum **   Dichanthelium acuminatum var. fasciculatum **   Dichanthelium acuminatum var. fasciculatum **   Dichanthelium acuminatum var. fasciculatum **   Dichanthelium acuminatum var. fasciculatum **   Dichanthelium acuminatum var. fasciculatum **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 39 Quercus prinus Quercus prinus **   Quercus prinus **   Quercus prinus **   Quercus prinus **   Quercus prinus **   Quercus prinus **   Quercus prinus **   Quercus prinus **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 40 Quercus rubra Quercus rubra **   Quercus rubra **   Quercus rubra **   Quercus rubra **   Quercus rubra **   Quercus rubra **   Quercus rubra **   Quercus rubra **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 41 Dichanthelium dichotomum var. dichotomum Dichanthelium dichotomum var. dichotomum **   Dichanthelium dichotomum var. dichotomum **   Dichanthelium dichotomum var. dichotomum **   Dichanthelium dichotomum var. dichotomum **   Dichanthelium dichotomum var. dichotomum **   Dichanthelium dichotomum var. dichotomum **   Dichanthelium dichotomum var. dichotomum **   Dichanthelium dichotomum var. dichotomum **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 42 Carya ovalis Carya ovalis **   Carya ovalis **   Carya ovalis **   Carya ovalis **   Carya ovalis **   Carya ovalis **   Carya ovalis **   Carya ovalis **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 43 Carex albicans var. albicans Carex albicans var. albicans **   Carex albicans var. albicans **   Carex albicans var. albicans **   Carex albicans var. albicans **   Carex albicans var. albicans **   Carex albicans var. albicans **   Carex albicans var. albicans **   Carex albicans var. albicans **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 44 Carex digitalis Carex digitalis **   Carex digitalis **   Carex digitalis **   Carex digitalis **   Carex digitalis **   Carex digitalis **   Carex digitalis **   Carex digitalis **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 45 Ilex montana Ilex montana **   Ilex montana **   Ilex montana **   Ilex montana **   Ilex montana **   Ilex montana **   Ilex montana **   Ilex montana **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 46 Liriodendron tulipifera Liriodendron tulipifera **   Liriodendron tulipifera **   Liriodendron tulipifera **   Liriodendron tulipifera **   Liriodendron tulipifera **   Liriodendron tulipifera **   Liriodendron tulipifera **   Liriodendron tulipifera **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 47 Polystichum acrostichoides Polystichum acrostichoides **   Polystichum acrostichoides **   Polystichum acrostichoides **   Polystichum acrostichoides **   Polystichum acrostichoides **   Polystichum acrostichoides **   Polystichum acrostichoides **   Polystichum acrostichoides **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 48 Sassafras albidum Sassafras albidum **   Sassafras albidum **   Sassafras albidum **   Sassafras albidum **   Sassafras albidum **   Sassafras albidum **   Sassafras albidum **   Sassafras albidum **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 49 Acer rubrum Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 50 Erechtites hieraciifolia var. hieraciifolia Erechtites hieraciifolia var. hieraciifolia **   Erechtites hieraciifolia var. hieraciifolia **   Erechtites hieraciifolia var. hieraciifolia **   Erechtites hieraciifolia var. hieraciifolia **   Erechtites hieraciifolia var. hieraciifolia **   Erechtites hieraciifolia var. hieraciifolia **   Erechtites hieraciifolia var. hieraciifolia **   Erechtites hieraciifolia var. hieraciifolia **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 51 Solidago curtisii Solidago curtisii **   Solidago curtisii **   Solidago curtisii **   Solidago curtisii **   Solidago curtisii **   Solidago curtisii **   Solidago curtisii **   Solidago curtisii **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 52 Potentilla canadensis Potentilla canadensis **   Potentilla canadensis **   Potentilla canadensis **   Potentilla canadensis **   Potentilla canadensis **   Potentilla canadensis **   Potentilla canadensis **   Potentilla canadensis **   Herbaceous 0.505 % 2       -none- 53 Hypericum punctatum Hypericum punctatum **   Hypericum punctatum **   Hypericum punctatum **   Hypericum punctatum **   Hypericum punctatum **   Hypericum punctatum **   Hypericum punctatum **   Hypericum punctatum **   Herbaceous 0.05 % 1       -none- 54 Penstemon Penstemon **   Penstemon **   Penstemon **   Penstemon **   Penstemon **   Penstemon **   Penstemon **   Penstemon **   Herbaceous 0.05 % 1       -none- 55 Stellaria pubera Stellaria pubera **   Stellaria pubera **   Stellaria pubera **   Stellaria pubera **   Stellaria pubera **   Stellaria pubera **   Stellaria pubera **   Stellaria pubera **   Herbaceous 0.05 % 1       -none- 56 Achillea millefolium Achillea millefolium **   Achillea millefolium **   Achillea millefolium **   Achillea millefolium **   Achillea millefolium **   Achillea millefolium **   Achillea millefolium **   Achillea millefolium **   Herbaceous 0.05 % 1       -none- 57 Polygonum Polygonum **   Polygonum **   Polygonum **   Polygonum **   Polygonum **   Polygonum **   Polygonum **   Polygonum **   Herbaceous 0.05 % 1       -none- 58 Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum **   Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum **   Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum **   Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum **   Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum **   Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum **   Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum **   Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum **   Herbaceous 0.05 % 1       -none- 59 Lysimachia quadrifolia Lysimachia quadrifolia **   Lysimachia quadrifolia **   Lysimachia quadrifolia **   Lysimachia quadrifolia **   Lysimachia quadrifolia **   Lysimachia quadrifolia **   Lysimachia quadrifolia **   Lysimachia quadrifolia **   Herbaceous 0.05 % 1       -none- 60 Polygonum convolvulus Polygonum convolvulus **   Polygonum convolvulus **   Polygonum convolvulus **   Polygonum convolvulus **   Polygonum convolvulus **   Polygonum convolvulus **   Polygonum convolvulus **   Polygonum convolvulus **   Herbaceous 0.05 % 1       -none- 61 Scutellaria Scutellaria **   Scutellaria **   Scutellaria **   Scutellaria **   Scutellaria **   Scutellaria **   Scutellaria **   Scutellaria **   Herbaceous 0.05 % 1       -none- 62 Ambrosia artemisiifolia Ambrosia artemisiifolia **   Ambrosia artemisiifolia **   Ambrosia artemisiifolia **   Ambrosia artemisiifolia **   Ambrosia artemisiifolia **   Ambrosia artemisiifolia **   Ambrosia artemisiifolia **   Ambrosia artemisiifolia **   Herbaceous 0.05 % 1       -none- 63 Polygonum virginianum Polygonum virginianum **   Polygonum virginianum **   Polygonum virginianum **   Polygonum virginianum **   Polygonum virginianum **   Polygonum virginianum **   Polygonum virginianum **   Polygonum virginianum **   Herbaceous 0.05 % 1       -none- 64 Vaccinium stamineum Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Vaccinium stamineum **   Herbaceous 0.05 % 1       -none- 65 Polygonatum biflorum Polygonatum biflorum **   Polygonatum biflorum **   Polygonatum biflorum **   Polygonatum biflorum **   Polygonatum biflorum **   Polygonatum biflorum **   Polygonatum biflorum **   Polygonatum biflorum **   Herbaceous 0.05 % 1       -none- 66 Prunus serotina var. serotina Prunus serotina var. serotina **   Prunus serotina var. serotina **   Prunus serotina var. serotina **   Prunus serotina var. serotina **   Prunus serotina var. serotina **   Prunus serotina var. serotina **   Prunus serotina var. serotina **   Prunus serotina var. serotina **   Herbaceous 0.05 % 1       -none- 67 Crataegus crus-galli Crataegus crus-galli **   Crataegus crus-galli **   Crataegus crus-galli **   Crataegus crus-galli **   Crataegus crus-galli **   Crataegus crus-galli **   Crataegus crus-galli **   Crataegus crus-galli **   Herbaceous 0.05 % 1       -none- 68 Vaccinium pallidum Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Vaccinium pallidum **   Herbaceous 0.05 % 1       -none- 69 Polygonum caespitosum var. longisetum Polygonum caespitosum var. longisetum **   Polygonum caespitosum var. longisetum **   Polygonum caespitosum var. longisetum **   Polygonum caespitosum var. longisetum **   Polygonum caespitosum var. longisetum **   Polygonum caespitosum var. longisetum **   Polygonum caespitosum var. longisetum **   Polygonum caespitosum var. longisetum **   Herbaceous 0.05 % 1       -none- 70 Phytolacca americana Phytolacca americana **   Phytolacca americana **   Phytolacca americana **   Phytolacca americana **   Phytolacca americana **   Phytolacca americana **   Phytolacca americana **   Phytolacca americana **   Herbaceous 0.05 % 1       -none- 71 Campanula divaricata Campanula divaricata **   Campanula divaricata **   Campanula divaricata **   Campanula divaricata **   Campanula divaricata **   Campanula divaricata **   Campanula divaricata **   Campanula divaricata **   Herbaceous 0.05 % 1       -none- 72 Asplenium platyneuron Asplenium platyneuron **   Asplenium platyneuron **   Asplenium platyneuron **   Asplenium platyneuron **   Asplenium platyneuron **   Asplenium platyneuron **   Asplenium platyneuron **   Asplenium platyneuron **   Herbaceous 0.05 % 1       -none- 73 Vitis cinerea Vitis cinerea **   Vitis cinerea **   Vitis cinerea **   Vitis cinerea **   Vitis cinerea **   Vitis cinerea **   Vitis cinerea **   Vitis cinerea **   Herbaceous 0.05 % 1       -none- 74 Dioscorea quaternata Dioscorea quaternata **   Dioscorea quaternata **   Dioscorea quaternata **   Dioscorea quaternata **   Dioscorea quaternata **   Dioscorea quaternata **   Dioscorea quaternata **   Dioscorea quaternata **   Herbaceous 0.05 % 1       -none- 75 Rubus phoenicolasius Rubus phoenicolasius **   Rubus phoenicolasius **   Rubus phoenicolasius **   Rubus phoenicolasius **   Rubus phoenicolasius **   Rubus phoenicolasius **   Rubus phoenicolasius **   Rubus phoenicolasius **   Herbaceous 0.05 % 1       -none-
This table is SORTABLE. Click the headers to sort ascending and descending.

Stratum Definitions:
Stratum Type Stratum Base Stratum Height Stratum Cover Epiphyte       Vine/Liana       Nonvascular       Dwarf Shrub       Short Shrub       Tall Shrub 5 m 10 m 60 % Sub-Canopy 10 m 15 m 5 % Canopy 20 m 35 m 80 % Emergent       Herbaceous   0.5 m 40 %
This table is SORTABLE. Click the headers to sort ascending and descending.